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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS, TDS) are innovative methods designed to administer medications through the skin, providing a non-invasive alternative to oral and injectable routes. This approach offers several therapeutic advantages, including improved patient compliance and the ability to bypass first-pass metabolism, which can enhance drug bioavailability. Transdermal drug delivery systems, (TDDS, TDS) commonly known as transdermal patches, deliver a controlled amount of medication directly into the bloodstream via the skin.
Early development clinical trials are crucial in the drug development process, primarily focusing on assessing the safety, tolerability, and initial efficacy of new medical treatments. These trials typically encompass Phase I and Phase II studies.
Comparative bioavailability and bioequivalence studies (BA/BE studies) are critical in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for the approval of generic drugs.
Nitrosamines are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitroso group (N=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom. They are formed primarily through the reaction of nitrous acid with secondary amines, often occurring in various foods, tobacco products, and even pharmaceuticals.